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1. RNA editing is the process of modifying messenger RNA (mRNA) after it’s transcribed from DNA but before it synthesizes proteins. It involves three types of modifications: addition, deletion, and substitution of nucleotides. The process uses enzymes called adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR), guided by specific RNA sequences, to target and edit mRNA. Wave Life Sciences recently used RNA editing in clinical trials to treat α-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) with their therapy WVE-006. RNA editing holds promise for treating genetic conditions like Huntington’s disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and neurological disorders. However, challenges include its temporary nature, requiring repeated treatments, and limitations in current delivery systems like lipid nanoparticles. Unlike DNA editing, RNA editing is temporary, reduces long-term risks, and poses a lower immune response risk due to its use of naturally occurring human enzymes.
2. Bengaluru's first digital population clock was inaugurated at the Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC), in collaboration with the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). This clock provides real-time population updates, with Karnataka's population updating every 1 minute and 10 seconds, and India's population every 2 seconds. The clock's precision is ensured through satellite connections, delivering accurate, real-time data. The installation of similar clocks is part of a nationwide initiative by MoHFW, with 18 Population Research Centres across India set to receive these clocks. ISEC, established in 1972, is a prominent institute for interdisciplinary research and training in social sciences.
3. In the Tej Prakash Pathak vs Rajasthan High Court case (2013), the Supreme Court ruled that recruitment rules for government jobs cannot be altered mid-process unless explicitly allowed. This decision reaffirmed the principles established in the K Manjusree vs State of Andhra Pradesh case (2008), which stated that changing recruitment criteria during an ongoing selection process is impermissible. The Court clarified that the K Manjusree ruling cannot be disregarded due to the State of Haryana vs Subhash Chander Marwaha case (1973), which held that meeting the minimum eligibility marks does not guarantee selection, as the government has the discretion to set higher standards in the public interest. Recruitment rules must align with constitutional principles of equality (Article 14) and non-discrimination in public employment (Article 16).
4. The Prime Minister of India congratulated Donald Trump on his re-election as the 47th President of the United States. Reflecting on the positive momentum in the India-US partnership during President Trump's first term (2017–2021), the PM recalled their significant interactions, including the Howdy Modi event in Houston (2019) and the Namaste Trump event in Ahmedabad (2020). Both leaders emphasized the importance of the India-U.S. Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership and reaffirmed their commitment to working together to enhance bilateral ties in areas such as technology, defence, energy, space, and more.
5. The Supreme Court of India upheld a Telangana High Court decision requiring prior government sanction for prosecuting public servants under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002. It clarified that Section 197(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), which mandates such sanction, applies to PMLA cases. The Court rejected the Enforcement Directorate's (ED) argument that Section 71 of PMLA, which grants overriding authority to PMLA, should exclude this requirement. The ruling emphasized that Section 197(1) is consistent with PMLA, ensuring due process for public servants facing prosecution. The judgment establishes a precedent for applying CrPC provisions to PMLA cases, balancing the fight against money laundering with public servants' constitutional protections, including their right to fair legal procedures. This ruling also highlighted the need for government consent before prosecuting public servants under PMLA.